Module 1: Introduction to Embedded Systems

• Definition and characteristics
• Applications and significance
• Overview of embedded systems design process
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Module 2: Hardware Components

• Microcontrollers and microprocessors
• Memory types and architecture
• Input/output interfaces
• Sensors and actuators
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Module 3: Embedded Programming

• Programming languages: C, assembly
• Development tools and environments
• Introduction to real-time operating systems (RTOS)
• Interrupt handling and timing
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Module 4: System Design and Integration

• System design methodologies
• Hardware-software co-design
• System integration and testing
• Debugging techniques
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Module 5: Communication Protocols

• Serial communication: UART, I2C, SPI
• Network communication: CAN, Ethernet
• Wireless communication: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Zigbee
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Module 6: Power Management

• Power consumption analysis
• Low-power design techniques
• Battery management
• Energy harvesting
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Module 7: Embedded System Security

• Security threats and vulnerabilities
• Cryptographic techniques
• Secure boot and firmware updates
• Best practices for secure embedded system design
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Module 8: Advanced Topics

• Digital signal processing (DSP)
• Embedded Linux
• Machine learning on embedded systems
• Internet of Things (IoT) integration