Introduction to Genetic Engineering

• History and fundamentals
• Key concepts in genetics and molecular biology
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Molecular Biology Techniques

• DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis
• PCR, gel electrophoresis, and sequencing
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Gene Cloning and Recombinant DNA Technology

• Cloning vectors and hosts
• Transformation and selection techniques
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Genome Editing Technologies

• CRISPR-Cas9
• TALENs and ZFNs
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Genomics and Bioinformatics

• Genomic sequencing and analysis
• Bioinformatics tools and databases
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Applications of Genetic Engineering

• Medical biotechnology (gene therapy, personalized medicine)
• Agricultural biotechnology (GMOs, crop improvement)
• Industrial biotechnology (biofuels, bioremediation)
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Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues

• Ethical considerations in genetic engineering
• Regulatory frameworks and public perception
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Laboratory Techniques and Practical Experience

• Hands-on labs with genetic engineering techniques
• Research projects and case studies
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Advanced Topics and Current Trends

• Synthetic biology
• Emerging technologies and innovations
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Capstone Project or Thesis

• Independent research project
• Presentation and defense of findings